炼油生产调度研究现状与挑战

调度作为计划层和执行层的纽带,是智能型工厂的主要组成部分.对此,从炼油生产装置调度的角度,对炼油调度问题进行综述与分析.首先对炼油生产调度建模问题的研究现状进行阐述,介绍目前该领域建模方面考虑的因素;其次,对炼油生产调度的各种优化方法进行总结综述;最后,结合目前的信息技术和智能制造的发展趋势,分析炼油生产调度所面临的挑战和未来的研究方向.     

小型饮料瓶盖颜色识别系统设计与实现

目的：解决当前饮料瓶盖检测系统功能单一、体积偏大、颜色识别率低的问题。方法：提出一种基于ARM处理器的小型饮料瓶盖颜色识别系统设计方案，通过仿真软件HyperLynx的LineSim工具设计四层PCB板，设置传输线参数并进行阻抗匹配仿真分析；利用编译软件Jupyter Notebook实现阈值设置、目标轮廓检测、目标框出等功能。结果：在强、弱光条件下，识别系统对红、绿、蓝3种颜色瓶盖的识别率达到92.7%。结论：与傅里叶描述子相比，该识别系统识别准确率和精度更高，同时系统也具有人脸识别功能，适用于各种智能应用场景。     

Fabrication of barium titanate ceramics via digital light processing 3D printing by using high refractive index monomer

A digital light processing (DLP) technology has been developed for 3D printing lead-free barium titanate (BTO) piezoelectric ceramics. By comparing the curing and rheological properties of slurries with different photosensitive monomer, a high refractive index monomer acryloyl morpholine (ACMO) was chosen, and a design and preparation method of BTO slurry with high solid content, low viscosity and high curing ability was proposed. By further selecting the printing parameters, the single-layer exposure time was reduced and the forming efficiency has been greatly improved. Sintered specimens were obtained after a nitrogen-air double-step debinding and furnace sintering process, and the BTO ceramics fabricated with 80 wt% slurry shows the highest relative density (95.32 %) and piezoelectric constant (168.1 pC/N). Furthermore, complex-structured BTO ceramics were prepared, impregnated by epoxy resin and finally assembly made into hydrophones, which has significance for the future design and manufacture of piezoelectric ceramic-based composites that used in functional devices.     

Re-evaluation of Radiation-Energy Transfer to an Extraction Solvent in a Minor-Actinide-Separation Process Based on Consideration of Radiation Permeability

ABSTRACT

Absorbed-dose estimation is essential for evaluation of the radiation tolerance of minor-actinide-separation processes. We propose a dose-evaluation method based on radiation permeability, with comparisons of heterogeneous structures seen in the solvent-extraction process, such as emulsions forming in the mixture of the organic and aqueous phases. A demonstration of radiation-energy-transfer simulation is performed with a focus on the minor-actinide-recovery process from high-level liquid waste with the aid of the Monte Carlo radiation-transport code PHITS. The simulation results indicate that the dose absorbed by the extraction solvent from alpha radiation depends upon the emulsion structure, and that from beta and gamma radiation depends upon the mixer-settler-apparatus size. Non-negligible contributions of well-permeable gamma rays were indicated in terms of the plant operation of the minor-actinide-separation process.     

珠江口盆地珠一坳陷古近系高自然伽马砂岩形成机制及油气地质意义

运用放射性元素寻找油气是一种非常规油气勘探手段。近年来,在珠江口盆地珠一坳陷富烃凹陷周边古近系钻遇高自然伽马(GR)砂岩,其GR值(100~300 API)甚至大于同区泥岩的GR值(100~200 API)。为了弄清该特殊现象背后的地质意义,对珠江口盆地珠一坳陷古近系高自然伽马砂岩开展了铀(U)、钍(Th)、钾(K)等3种元素含量与GR值的相关趋势线分析,从井震特征、岩性特征及矿物成分特征等入手分析了砂岩GR值增高的主要原因及成因机制,探讨了放射性元素聚集的条件、运移通道、驱动力以及油气意义。结果表明:西江、惠州地区由U含量增高导致砂岩GR值偏高,恩平、番禺地区由K,Th含量增高导致砂岩GR值偏高;砂岩GR值增高有两大成因机制,一是地下流体带来的放射性元素离子U4+在氧化-还原面处富集后导致地层GR值偏高,这种特殊现象说明在具有连通基底大断裂旁的圈闭中,U4+的富集指示了曾经油气的存在,证实了研究区油气运移通道的有效性,对于油气藏的预测有着非常重要的指导性意义,二是地表流体带来的含放射性元素的矿物大量沉积后导致地层GR值偏高,含放射性元素矿物性质不稳定,可指示近源供给的存在,对于判断物源及沉积环境有着非常重要的意义。该研究成果为预测研究区油气成藏有利区带提供了依据。     

催化剂级配技术在加氢改质装置上的工业应用

基于柴油产品质量升级的需求,中国石化大连石油化工研究院(FRIPP)开发了FHIDW加氢改质技术及配套FF-46加氢精制催化剂、FC-14B加氢改质催化剂和FDW-3临氢降凝催化剂.该技术及催化剂级配体系在格尔木炼油厂0.8 Mt·a-1加氢改质装置上的工业应用情况表明,级配催化剂体系对原料适应性强,装置运转平稳,操作灵活性高,催化剂失活速率慢,产品分布合理且质量优异,在降低柴油产品凝点的同时可以明显改善其密度和十六烷值,解决了改造前装置生产重柴油密度偏低的问题,为炼油厂生产符合国V质量标准的柴油提供了技术保障.     

乙炔加料系统高效除铁技术的应用

在电石法生产乙炔过程中,采用带式皮带机替代大倾角波状皮带机,与永磁除铁器配合用于电石除铁,介绍了该除铁技术的应用情况和控制要求.